Consisting of three parts, the writing manual addresses broad areas of interest to judges and lawyers. By emphasis, i mean the adding bold or underline or italics to the font in a sentence or longer section of a brief in order to emphasize the importance of the text to the reader. I am so pleased to recognize our outstanding state reporter, bill hooks, who succeeded to the position in june 2009. Additionally, type the phrase emphasis added and enclose it in brackets directly after the emphasized words to indicate to the reader that the emphasis is not present in the original text. Periods with quotation marks grammar and punctuation. Parentheses and brackets must never be used interchangeably. Compare citation a, and citation b, with citation 1, and citation 2. Paralegal career for dummies, 2nd edition for dummies careereducation. Oct 07, 2007 how do i indicate i have added italics to emphasise words within a quote. Longer quotations 50 words or more and shorter quotations to which the author wishes to give special emphasis are set off from the text by being. How should words emphasized by the writer be indicated in a direct quotation. Never place the period outside the quotation marks. Mar 30, 2012 matthew butterick, author of the dry but very useful book, typography for lawyers 2d ed. Similar parenthetical notices to be appended to citations as appropriate include emphasis added and citations omitted.
Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. Signals are important because they indicate how a cited authority relates to the text. He finally answered after taking five minutes to think that he did not understand the question. The ones most relevant to real estate are the blue book of building and construction. That is the bluebook rule addressing the broader question of how to.
The indigo book was compiled by a team of students at the new york university school of law, working under the direction of professor christopher jon sprigman. The bluebook s subtitlea uniform system of citationis a bid for monopoly. Often on every page, and sometimes for a paragraph or more. May 31, 2004 emphasis added one only needs to add the notation of emphasis added when emphasis has, in fact, been added. Some lawyers must really like the use of emphasis in a brief. I must start by thanking the law reporting bureau of the state of new york for inviting me to write the foreword for the 2012 style manual. The supreme court will follow this manual in its opinions.
This part outlines where vlr conventions depart from the bluebook, adds additional rules, and seeks to clarify some of the more obscure bluebook rules. If you are doing the underlining or italics then day so in the cite. A guide for students and practitioners legal citation, third edition. Bluebook guide 20th ed powerpoint from penn state law. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. Jul 19, 2019 the precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factors, including the jurisdiction, court, and type of case. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. However, the basic format of a case citation is as follows. Do i need to clarify the authors use of italics within the original when i quote.
Legal scholars generally encourage the use of parenthetical explanations of the source materials relevance following each authority using see generally, and this signal can be used with primary and secondary sources. When drafting legal pleadings and briefs, the drafter will frequently quote passages from published court opinions or other legal authorities to make a point of law. The indigo book isnt the same as the bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform system of citation that the bluebook does. Actually, his opinion against the use of emphasis is even stronger than mine. How do i indicate i have added italics to emphasise words within a quote. To note added emphasis, put emphasis added in a parenthetical in the citation. Primary authorities bluebook citations libguides at. In footnotes, signals may be used as the verbs of textual sentences. Use italics to add emphasis to a specific word or words in a direct quotation that were not originally emphasized by the author. The solicitor general issues a style guide that is designed to supplement the bluebook.
When, as here, the plaintiff is a public figure, he cannot recover unless he proves by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant published the defamatory statement with actual malice, i. This is the american english rule this newsletter, the blue book of grammar and punctuation, and. Blue book citation for depositions top law schools. For example, it is a form of discrimination because the complainant is being subjected to differential treatment. A publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found. If the original material includes a noun or pronoun that is unclear, brackets can be used for clarification. Pamphlets on the constitution of the united states, published during its discussion by the people, 17871788, at 385 paul l.
Oct 24, 2018 you may find that multiple parentheticals are required in a single citation. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. The style manual used by the new york state law reporting bureau. See, for example, johnson, 605 f2d at 1125 emphasis added discussing. For the rare situations in which neither of these works covers a particular stylistic matter, we. These tips are searchable and linked to the bluebook content they address.
Mar 15, 2018 when drafting legal pleadings and briefs, the drafter will frequently quote passages from published court opinions or other legal authorities to make a point of law. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law library. For example, the typeface convention differs for case names. When the author wanted to stress something in a quote. Prior to this years twentieth edition, the bluebook itself provided no guidance on when a writer could or should omit internal quotation marks. When part of a quote is emphasized by bolding italicizing. Blue book citation for depositions study tips, dealing with stress, maintaining a social life, financial aid, internships, bar exam, careers in law. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebooks white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. The abbreviations that professor bennett wanted to use are part of that underlying system but paid counsel for the harv. Adds instruction on how to cite to an excerpt or partial reprint. According to several writing conventions, including mla style, when a writer wishes to emphasize a particular word or phrase within quoted text, she can use an offset font usually italics, underlining, or bolding, proceeded by the phrase emphasis added within square brackets for example, i pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states of america, and to. Citation parentheticals allow you to give the reader important information in a very concise manner.
The most useful answers are gathered here as blue tips, classified by subject. The president stated that he will not sign the bill they republican members of the house have been talking about. When you wish to add emphasis on quoted material, the footnote following the quote should include the phrase emphasis supplied. Here are some examples of when parentheticals are most appropriate. I did not find anywhere that the words emphasis added should ever be italicized or bolded to match the quoted language being emphasized. If material in parentheses ends a sentence, the period goes after the parentheses. Study 256 bluebook rules 1 11 flashcards on studyblue. Brackets allow the insertion of editorial material inside quotations. As has been true of all editions released since 2010, it is also indexed to the the bluebook and the alwd guide to legal citation. Once again, you can demonstrate both appropriate use and overuse of the emphasis addedoption. If the title of a book ends with a year, place a comma between the book title and the pinpoint.
Effective january 1, 2008, however, california rule of court, rule 1. California style manual for many years, the california style manual has served as the official guide for styling citations to legal materials in documents filed with state courts in california. Westlawnext and the bluebook westlawnext has a copy with reference feature that allows you to highlight text and copy it with the citation. The precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factors, including the jurisdiction, court, and type of case. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. A volume that explains the organization of a state government and provides the names of state officials.
In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. Consider this excerpt from katherine cullens book, biology. Explanatory parentheticals can pack a persuasive punch explanatory parentheticals can pack a persuasive punch, 45 mcgeorge l. Use parentheses to enclose information that clarifies or is used as an aside. Importantly, however, it documents the many respects in which contemporary legal writing, very often following guidelines set out in court rules or style guides, diverges from the citation formats specified. Emphasizing words in a direct quotation apa writing commons. The current edition of the bluebook is the 20th edition, published in 2015 free 60day access keys for the bluebook. Presented by the academic achievement program october 25, 2011. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon which they rely in their work.
Board of directors for the legal writing institute and has served on. Indeed, student editors of law journals spend an extraordinary amount of time yanking the articles and essays of legal academics into compliance with the dictates of the bluebook. When italicizing words within a quotation for emphasis, add the parenthetical phrase emphasis added after the citation. Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. Parentheticals bluebook citation libguides at florida. That all changed in 2001, when blue book publications brought out the first edition of the blue book of airguns. But why is a single system of legal citations more desirable than uniform. You may also want to buy a copy of the book mastering the blue book or something similar to.
A basic approach for paralegals aspen paralegal series. Appropriate use of emphasis added congress found that foreign organizations that engage in terrorist activity are so tainted by their criminal conduct that any. Nov 01, 2017 i had a question during a presentation i was making about whether the phrase emphasis added when used with a quotation was treated in the same font as the emphasized language, for example, if the emphasized language is bolded, is the phrase emphasis added bolded. Citus legalus is an automated bluebook citation generator for lazy law students. If parentheticals alone are needed refer to the box above to determine when and what type are needed, place the parentheticals after the date of the decision just as you would with a single parenthetical. Ohio 2003 denying summary judgment for defendant on tortious interference claim because evidence existed that defendant acted improperly. Adds an explanation to the rule on italicizing explanatory phrases in citations that they should not be italicized when introducing the citation in a related authority parenthetical. Also, the with as well as any ands should be preceded by a comma. The trick to using this effectively is to set your preferences first. Any number of pocketsized reference books on a wide variety of topics. Explanatory parentheticals can pack a persuasive punch. Insert square bracket with emphasis added after the page number, for example, raises the question of what desire is smith 1991, p. The following example is the type of parentheticals addressed in this article. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments.
Emphasizing words in a direct quotation apa writing. If the drafter wishes to call particular attention to a word or words within the. Presented by the academic achievement program october. Parenthetical use is governed in part by the bluebook and in part by our own.
The style manual used by the new york state law reporting. Often you may cite to a source for a particular proposition and wish to show that other sources also lend some support to this proposition. Therefore, if the emphasis appears in the original text, do not include the parenthetical phrase emphasis in original. I had a question during a presentation i was making about whether the phrase emphasis added when used with a quotation was treated in the same font as the emphasized language, for example, if the emphasized language is bolded, is the phrase emphasis added bolded. The indigo book isnt the same as the bluebook, but it does implement the same. Other changes are also minor, such as moving supra from before the page referenced to after the page number. The second example differs because quoting and citing. Cleaning up quotations in legal writing the inside scoop on 2017s hottest new citation tool.
Additionally, type the phrase emphasis added and enclose it in brackets directly after the emphasized words to indicate. People watch television more than four hours a day grimsby, 1989, p. Parentheses and brackets the blue book of grammar and. Include material that would otherwise be included in parenthetical explanations as part of the sentence itself, and do not italicize the signals. Guide to citation western connecticut state university. If the original source is in writing, and already has bold, underlined, or italic text, it is just as important to include the notation, emphasis in original to avoid any confusion. The yale law journal volume 123 style sheet the yale law journal follows the bluebook. This relation can be supportive, comparative, or contradictory.
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